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王同愈

 王同愈(1856-1941年),字文若,号胜之,又号栩缘,江苏元和人,晚清民国年间著名学者、藏书家、书画家、文博鉴赏家。光绪十五年(1889)进士,后为江西学政、顺天乡试考官、湖北学政。曾与张謇等主持江苏省铁路事宜。辛亥革命时,隐居上海。晚年定居嘉定。长于算术。著有《栩缘随笔》等。

  • 中文名王同愈
  • 性别
  • 国籍中国
  • 民族汉族
  • 祖籍江苏元和
  • 出生日期1856
  • 逝世日期1941
  • 职业画家
  • 主要成就栩缘随笔
简介

 王同愈,字栩园,号胜之,江苏吴县(今苏州)人,清光绪十五年(1889年)己丑科二甲第22名进士,选翰林院庶吉士。曾历官翰林院编修、顺天乡试同考官、湖北学政、江西提学使等。他以文出仕,虽久居官场,但官声为学名所掩,在他身居官场时,时人就以能得到他的书画为幸事。辛亥革命后,他退出政坛,隐居于嘉定(今上海)南翔镇,杜门谢客,潜心学问,以收藏、课徒为乐。藏书室典籍充栋,编有《栩园藏书目》、《栩园随笔》等。

藏书

 王同愈喜藏书,曾发出“津津呼有味于藏书,而知天下最可宝贵、最可娱乐之事,无有过于此事”的感叹。《栩缘随笔》中有“余蓄书六七万卷,率皆寻常版刻,惟取其备,不敢求其精,然已所费不赀矣”,又有“余插架无多,然积年搜罗,亦略有七万余卷。旧刻精印之本,亦十有二三。斯架塞屋需四五楹,始足分布行列”等语。他在一件自创山水画上题写“室有图书富,门无车马临。?然清世虑,奚必入山深”诗句,显露出此画的超凡脱俗,与众不同。《栩缘文存》与《栩缘日记》显示,王同愈藏书始于19岁,大规模藏书始于26岁,起步尚早。藏书主体经费为俸银,辅助经费是为人写字、作画、写墓志等稿酬。1900年阴历三月初二,他致友人函称,鄂游三年,行将报满,“载三万卷而来,今仍载三万卷而去,不免为蠹鱼所笑。襄郡夙号名区,代兴人物,旧家必多藏?,如有求售者,无论宋椠、元钞,敬乞代为贸定。及贾直之或多或少,在所不计,其有希见之本,一例甄录”,又称“廉俸所剩,不足当买山之资,惟有广置墨庄,犹足备他日有秋之获”,所谓“广置墨庄”,便是多给人写字作画。1895年阴历六月十一日日记中则有“陆氏送墓志润笔四十元,济泰友人王荣卿手交”语。

王同愈藏书的经济实力并非雄厚,遇有惊人秘笈或铭心绝品,实非他上述所言“贾直之或多或少,在所不计”。试举一例:江陵邓氏,藏有宋椠《施注苏诗》一部,流传有绪,有宋荦、翁方纲、王澍吴荣光、阮元、英和、何绍基、潘世恩、张维屏等诸多名家题跋,且藏印累累。首册又有苏轼笠履图二,一为闵贞摹本,一为华新罗所绘。还有苏轼真像一图,系朱鹤年笔。末页则有顾莼、张祥河金笔画兰梅菊。邓家中落,求售千金。王同愈观之,称“目不暇赏”、“目炫神夺”、“真艺苑中至宝也”,又称“睡魔为书魔所驱,展玩数四,日色渐透幕间”。然以千金购之,其底气不足,有“终觉罕闻”语,要求降价。越两日无消息,其称“坐卧饮食皆为之不宁”。最终唯有“听其归去”,其“怅惘似别良友,嗟叹者久之”。藏书印有“己丑翰林”、“胜之”、“王胜之印” 、“栩园印信” 、“王氏书库”、“小人有母”、“精本”、“栩缘”等。编撰有《栩园藏书目录》。

王同愈藏书,有便于读的考虑。其读书极为勤苦,也极有乐趣。他喜读孙庆增《藏书纪要》,称此书体之精,言之详,非真知笃好,不能道一字,“士大夫宜人人写录一通,张之藏书之室”。喜读黄丕烈《士礼居题跋》,称此书备载一书之同异,诸刻之精粗,以及授受之源流,购求之原委,如话家常,如谈故事,言之津津有味,“令人好书之念油然而生”。喜读叶昌炽《藏书纪事诗》,称此书搜罗五代以迄同、光近时贤士大夫之嗜书者,人系一诗,其遗闻佚事,罗缀于下,既博且精,实为藏书家掌故渊海,“读此如日与古人相接,风流文采,晖映周旋,引人入胜,虽素无书癖者,亦不能无动于衷,且知藏书实非细故”。他也喜读郑观应、严复等救世新论。称郑著《盛世危言》,“深切时务,洞烛利弊,国家诚求富强,舍此奚择哉?”认为幡然大改“一人独断于上”之前辙,“富强之效,不难速致也”。称严译《群学肄言》,也“甚可观”。 所藏图书,后被复旦大学图书馆购藏。

English Introduction

 Wang Tongyu is fond of collecting books. He once expressed his regret that "the most precious and entertaining thing in the world is nothing more than that." There are 670,000 volumes of surplus books in Lifeline Essay, which are usually engraved in editions, but they are prepared without the courage to seek their refinement, which is already inexpensive. There are also more than 70,000 volumes of surplus shelves in Lifeline Essay. There are also twelve or thirteen copies of the old engraved fine print. It needs four or five roofs to start the distribution of ranks and ranks. He inscribed on a self-created landscape painting, "There are books in the room, there are no cars and horses in the door." However, it is clear that the world will be deeply rooted in poetry. According to Lifelike Cultural Survey and Lifelike Diary, Wang Tongyu's collection of books began at the age of 19, and large-scale collection of books began at the age of 26. The main body of the collection is the salary silver, and the supplementary funds are the remuneration for writing, painting and epitaph. On the second day of March in the 1900 lunar calendar, he wrote to his friends that the three-year tour of Hubei would be filled up, "with 30,000 volumes coming, and still with 30,000 volumes leaving today, it is unavoidable to laugh at the grubs. Xiangjun's well-known area, the generation of Xing people, the old home will be more hidden?, if there are buyers, regardless of the Song and Yuan banknotes, begging for trade. And Jia Zhizhi's more or less, in spite of the fact that he has the origin of hope, an example of screening and recording, also known as "low salary left, not enough money to buy mountains, only the widespread Mozhuang, still enough to have autumn harvest in the future", the so-called "widespread Mozhuang", is to write and paint more people. On June 11 of the lunar calendar in 1895, there was a saying "Lu sent epitaphs to embellish for 40 yuan, and Wang Rongqing, a friend of Jitai, handed them over by hand".

 

Wang Tongyu's collection of books is not very strong in economic strength. When he encounters amazing secrets or memorable products, it is not what he said above that "Jia Zhizhi is more or less neglected". Take an example: Deng Deng's poems, including Song Shi's "Shi Zhu Su Shi", have been circulated. There are many famous postmasters of Song Dynasty, Weng Fang Gang, Wang Shu, Wu Rongguang, Ruan Yuan, Ying He, He Shaoji, Pan Shien, Zhang Weiping, and so on. In the first volume, there are two pictures of Su Shi Liu Lu, one is a copy of Min Zhen, and the other is painted by Hua Xinluo. And Su Shi really looks like a picture. It's Zhu Henian's pen. On the last page are Gu Yin and Zhang Xianghe's golden brushwork, Lanmeiju. Dengjiazhuang is selling thousands of gold. Wang Tongyu observed that "the eyes are too busy to appreciate", "the eyes are dazzled to seize the gods" and "the most precious treasure in the real art garden". He also called "the sleep devil is driven by the book devil, playing for four times, and the sun gradually penetrates the curtain". However, when purchased with thousands of gold, it lacks the basic spirit, and has the words of "eventually feel uncommon to hear", which calls for a reduction in price. The more two days there was no news, it said, "sit-and-lie diet is uneasy". Ultimately, only "to listen to its return", its "frustrated like other good friends, sigh for a long time." The books are printed with "oneself is ugly and handsome", "wins", "Wang Sheng's seal", "lifelike garden seal", "Wang's library", "little people have mothers", "refined edition", "lifelike" and so on. He has compiled the Catalogue of Collections in Vivid Garden.

 

Wang Tongyu's collection is easy to read. He studies very hard and enjoys a lot. He likes to read Sun Qingzeng's Book Collection Summary, and calls it the essence of the style of the book. It is not true knowledge, and it is impossible to say a word, "Scholars and doctors should write a book for everyone, Zhang Zhi's Library of books". Reading Huang Pilie's "Shi Li Ju postscript", reading this book is the same as the book, the essence of all the engraving, and the source of the acceptance and reception. Reading Ye Changchi's "collection chronicle poem", he said that this book has collected five generations of scholars who love the book of fame and fortune in the light of the past and the light. They have a poem, and their stories are lost. They are rich and refined. They are indeed bianist's anecdotes. " He also likes to read Zheng Guanying and Yan Fu's new theory of saving the world. Called Zheng's Words of the Great Age, "Deep current affairs, the pros and cons of Dongcang, the country sincerely strives for prosperity and strength, give up this ridicule and choose it?" It is believed that it is not difficult for Yu Ran to change his previous rut of "one man is absolute in the first place", "the effect of prosperity and strength can be achieved quickly". Yan Yan's translation of Qun Xue Xue Yan is also "considerable". The collected books were then purchased by the library.

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